[Java] Enhance Parameterized tests following JUnit improvements

### Describe the enhancement requested

We need to implement some tests after resolving the following issue:

- https://github.com/junit-team/junit5/issues/878

The list is as follows:

- `adapter` module
- https://github.com/apache/arrow/pull/42038#discussion_r1632070214
- `algorithm` module
- https://github.com/apache/arrow/pull/42029#discussion_r1633208511
- `flight` module
- https://github.com/apache/arrow/pull/42158#discussion_r1644464180

### Component(s)

Java

首先查看 JUnit issue 878 以及其中引用的、关于 adapter、algorithm 和 flight 模块的 Apache Arrow 讨论。确定这些讨论中要求的参数化测试变更，然后在 issue 878 解决后添加测试，并验证这三个模块的测试套件全部通过。

由索引模型根据 Issue 内容生成。