[Java] arrow-jdbc defines type but not value mapping for struct types

While Types.STRUCT is mapped to ArrowType.Struct, we need additional config to be able to actually read such values, similar to ARROW-4142.

**Reporter**: [David Li](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-17006) / @lidavidm

_{**Note**: *This issue was originally created as [ARROW-17006](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-17006). Please see the [migration documentation](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/14542) for further details.*}

Start by tracing the arrow-jdbc handling of Types.STRUCT and its mapping to ArrowType.Struct. Compare the required value-reading configuration with ARROW-4142; done means struct values can be read through the JDBC integration, with coverage for that behavior.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.