[Java] Allow loading/unloading vectors without using FieldNodes

The information stored in FieldNode structure is not strictly necessary for serializing/deserializing vectors. We should allow loading/unloading of vectors without it.

**Reporter**: [Steven Phillips](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-792) / @StevenMPhillips

_{**Note**: *This issue was originally created as [ARROW-792](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-792). Please see the [migration documentation](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/14542) for further details.*}

首先跟踪参与序列化和反序列化的 Java 向量加载和卸载路径，然后确定需要 FieldNode 数据的位置。当向量可以在不使用 FieldNode 结构的情况下加载和卸载，同时保留现有的序列化行为时，这项工作就完成了。

由索引模型根据 Issue 内容生成。