[java] cannot read datasets with many columns

### Describe the bug, including details regarding any error messages, version, and platform.

Dataset API gets stuck if one tries to read many columns (100k+) from a parquet or arrow file. The API works if the amount of columns is narrowed via projection.

**Reproduction:**

Use the code from the [example](https://arrow.apache.org/cookbook/java/dataset.html#constructing-datasets) and try to read a file with 100k columns. No batch will be loaded even if the batch size is 1.

version: arrow-dataset 11.0

### Component(s)

Java

從 Java Dataset API 和連結的資料集建構範例開始，使用包含 100k+ 欄且 batch size 為 1 的 parquet 或 Arrow 檔案重現卡住的情況。追蹤讀取路徑，同時將其與縮小後的 projection 進行比較；對於回報的寬資料集案例，如果各批次能夠載入且不會卡住，即表示完成。

由索引模型根據 Issue 內容生成。