[java] cannot read datasets with many columns

### Describe the bug, including details regarding any error messages, version, and platform.

Dataset API gets stuck if one tries to read many columns (100k+) from a parquet or arrow file. The API works if the amount of columns is narrowed via projection.

**Reproduction:**

Use the code from the [example](https://arrow.apache.org/cookbook/java/dataset.html#constructing-datasets) and try to read a file with 100k columns. No batch will be loaded even if the batch size is 1.

version: arrow-dataset 11.0

### Component(s)

Java

从 Java Dataset API 和链接的数据集构造示例开始，使用包含 100k+ 列且 batch size 为 1 的 parquet 或 Arrow 文件重现卡死。跟踪读取路径，同时将其与缩小后的 projection 进行比较；对于报告的宽数据集情况，如果各批次能够加载且不会卡住，则表示完成。

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