[Java][JNI] Improve current cmake java libraries dependencies that needs Protobuf_ROOT and Protobuf_USE_STATIC_LIBS variables

### Describe the enhancement requested

The current Java JNI build needs to declare these CMAKE variables in order to build correctly:

- -DProtobuf_USE_STATIC_LIBS=ON
- -DProtobuf_ROOT=${project.basedir}/../cpp-jni/protobuf_ep-install

It may be possible to add support for installing bundled protocols.

### Component(s)

Documentation, Java

Start by locating the Java JNI CMake dependency configuration and the current Protobuf setup. Check how Protobuf_USE_STATIC_LIBS and Protobuf_ROOT are passed during the build, then verify a build without undocumented manual configuration; separately determine whether bundled protocol installation is in scope.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.