[subinterpreters] Refleaks on Windows Under Specific Conditions

Bug report

Bug description:

One of my recent PRs, gh-117662, led to one of the Windows refleak buildbots failing^1. I'm fairly confident the PR revealed an existing source of refleaks (albeit an unlikely one), rather that introducing new leaks. I have resolved the failures with gh-117913, but the underlying potential source of refleaks remains.

I've been able to reproduce the leak conditions, but only on Windows (for now?). The following conditions are necessary:

• interpreter created using a config with check_multi_interp_extensions=False (e.g. "legacy")
• interpreter imports test.support.os_helper

try:
    import _interpreters
except ModuleNotFoundError:
    import _xxsubinterpreters as _interpreters
config = _interpreters.new_config('legacy')  # critically, check_multi_interp_extensions=False
interpid = _interpreters.create(config)
_interpreters.exec(interpid, 'import test.support.os_helper')
_interpreters.destroy(interpid)
# leaks a bunch of objects

When the bug is triggered, around 190 objects are leaked. At first I thought this was interpreter finalization failing silently, but now I think it is something else.

I suspect the underlying problem relates to legacy extension modules. In the specific example above, I'm pretty sure the _ctypes module is leaking and ~190 is how many objects it holds, directly or indirectly. The main clue there is that, when I run ./python -v ..., the _ctypes module is never noted as destroyed, whereas all other modules are. As to test.support.os_helper, _ctypes is one of the modules that gets indirectly imported. All that said, I haven't been able to reproduce the leak if the subinterpreter above imports _ctypes instead.

Why did we only see this on Windows? The only clue I can think of is that on Windows stdlib extension modules are all turned into builtin modules, IIRC. The logic of the check_multi_interp_extensions check (via _PyImport_CheckSubinterpIncompatibleExtensionAllowed() in Python/import.c) is specific to extension modules, not builtin modules.

CPython versions tested on:

CPython main branch

Operating systems tested on:

Windows

Tái hiện lỗi rò rỉ trên Windows bằng snippet _interpreters legacy-config được cung cấp, sau đó bắt đầu trong Python/import.c, quanh _PyImport_CheckSubinterpIncompatibleExtensionAllowed(). So sánh việc dọn dẹp module cho test.support.os_helper và _ctypes bằng đầu ra import chi tiết được mô tả trong báo cáo. Được xem là hoàn tất khi reproducer không còn làm rò rỉ đối tượng và hành vi Windows liên quan được bao phủ bởi một regression test phù hợp.