Eliminate more outer joins by supporting more expressions

### Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge?

This PR by @JasonLi-cn tried to support more pushdown of filters https://github.com/apache/datafusion/pull/13184 , however the implementation wasn't 100% right as it pushed down more predicates, but didn't change the join type (left to inner).

### Describe the solution you'd like

Add support for a wider range of expressions in `EliminateOuterJoin`, notably in `extract_non_nullable_columns`.
We lack support of more complex nested expressions, quite some binary operators, UDFs etc. such as:

* `abs(x) > 1`
* `a + a` > `c + b`

We should aim to support any operator that returns null when the input value is null (most binary / unary operators).

### Describe alternatives you've considered

_No response_

### Additional context

_No response_

EliminateOuterJoin オプティマイザールールから始め、特に extract_non_nullable_columns を確認し、既存の pushdown 動作について PR #13184 をレビューしてください。完了条件は、説明されているネストされた式、二項演算子、null 入力に対して null を返す UDFs をサポートし、述語によって可能な場合に結合タイプを正しく変更することです。

索引モデルが issue の本文から書いたものです。