Eliminate more outer joins by supporting more expressions

### Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge?

This PR by @JasonLi-cn tried to support more pushdown of filters https://github.com/apache/datafusion/pull/13184 , however the implementation wasn't 100% right as it pushed down more predicates, but didn't change the join type (left to inner).

### Describe the solution you'd like

Add support for a wider range of expressions in `EliminateOuterJoin`, notably in `extract_non_nullable_columns`.
We lack support of more complex nested expressions, quite some binary operators, UDFs etc. such as:

* `abs(x) > 1`
* `a + a` > `c + b`

We should aim to support any operator that returns null when the input value is null (most binary / unary operators).

### Describe alternatives you've considered

_No response_

### Additional context

_No response_

Comienza con la regla de optimización EliminateOuterJoin, especialmente con extract_non_nullable_columns, y revisa PR #13184 para conocer el comportamiento de pushdown existente. Se considera completado cuando se admitan las expresiones anidadas, los operadores binarios y las UDFs descritos que devuelven null para entradas null, cambiando correctamente el tipo de join cuando los predicados lo permitan.

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