[Java] Support reading a subset of fields from an IPC file or stream

C++ supports `IpcReadOptions.included_fields` which lets you load a subset of (top-level) fields from an IPC file or stream, potentially saving on I/O costs. It would be useful to support this in Java as well. Some refactoring would be required since MessageSerializer currently reads record batch messages in as a whole, and it would be good to quantify how much of a benefit this provides in different scenarios.

**Reporter**: [David Li](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-17914) / @lidavidm

_{**Note**: *This issue was originally created as [ARROW-17914](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-17914). Please see the [migration documentation](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/14542) for further details.*}

Beginne mit MessageSerializer und verfolge, wie Record-Batch-Nachrichten derzeit aus IPC-Dateien und -Streams gelesen werden. Vergleiche das gewünschte Verhalten mit C++ IpcReadOptions.included_fields und definiere anschließend, wie die Auswahl von Feldern der obersten Ebene funktionieren soll, und quantifiziere den I/O-Vorteil für verschiedene Szenarien.

Vom Indexierungsmodell aus dem Issue-Text verfasst.