[Java] BaseVariableWidthVector only supports 1 GiB through safe interfaces

### Describe the bug, including details regarding any error messages, version, and platform.

https://github.com/apache/arrow/pull/13815 fixed an issue with a misleading error caused by going over the 2GiB limit of a variable width vector, but it also introduced a 1 GiB limit when using the safe interfaces. Basically whenever you try to add data beyond 1 GiB, the vector will try to double itself to the next power of two, which would be 2147483648, which is greater than Integer.MAX_VALUE which is 2147483647, thus throwing a OversizedAllocationException. This effectively limits the total size allowed in the buffer to 1 GiB, even though it should only really be bound by the max offset being less than Integer.MAX_VALUE.

See https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/39572#issuecomment-1383195213 and the comment above it for how I could recreate the issue.

### Component(s)

Java

使用連結的 Apache Spark 討論中描述的情境重現 1 GiB 失敗，然後追蹤 BaseVariableWidthVector 及其安全介面中的容量成長。當可變寬度資料能夠成長超過 1 GiB，而不會嘗試進行無效的 2 GiB 配置，同時仍遵守 Integer.MAX_VALUE 位移量限制時，修正即告完成；為此邊界新增回歸測試。

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