[Java] BaseVariableWidthVector only supports 1 GiB through safe interfaces

### Describe the bug, including details regarding any error messages, version, and platform.

https://github.com/apache/arrow/pull/13815 fixed an issue with a misleading error caused by going over the 2GiB limit of a variable width vector, but it also introduced a 1 GiB limit when using the safe interfaces. Basically whenever you try to add data beyond 1 GiB, the vector will try to double itself to the next power of two, which would be 2147483648, which is greater than Integer.MAX_VALUE which is 2147483647, thus throwing a OversizedAllocationException. This effectively limits the total size allowed in the buffer to 1 GiB, even though it should only really be bound by the max offset being less than Integer.MAX_VALUE.

See https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/39572#issuecomment-1383195213 and the comment above it for how I could recreate the issue.

### Component(s)

Java

Reproduza a falha de 1 GiB usando o cenário descrito na discussão vinculada do Apache Spark e, em seguida, rastreie o crescimento da capacidade em BaseVariableWidthVector e em suas interfaces seguras. A correção estará concluída quando dados de largura variável puderem crescer além de 1 GiB sem tentar fazer uma alocação inválida de 2 GiB, continuando a respeitar o limite de offset Integer.MAX_VALUE; adicione um teste de regressão para esse limite.

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