[Java] BaseVariableWidthVector only supports 1 GiB through safe interfaces

### Describe the bug, including details regarding any error messages, version, and platform.

https://github.com/apache/arrow/pull/13815 fixed an issue with a misleading error caused by going over the 2GiB limit of a variable width vector, but it also introduced a 1 GiB limit when using the safe interfaces. Basically whenever you try to add data beyond 1 GiB, the vector will try to double itself to the next power of two, which would be 2147483648, which is greater than Integer.MAX_VALUE which is 2147483647, thus throwing a OversizedAllocationException. This effectively limits the total size allowed in the buffer to 1 GiB, even though it should only really be bound by the max offset being less than Integer.MAX_VALUE.

See https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/39572#issuecomment-1383195213 and the comment above it for how I could recreate the issue.

### Component(s)

Java

Riproduci il fallimento a 1 GiB utilizzando lo scenario descritto nella discussione di Apache Spark collegata, quindi traccia la crescita della capacità in BaseVariableWidthVector e nelle sue interfacce sicure. La correzione è completata quando i dati a larghezza variabile possono crescere oltre 1 GiB senza tentare un'allocazione non valida di 2 GiB, rispettando al contempo il limite di offset Integer.MAX_VALUE; aggiungi un test di regressione per questo limite.

Scritto dal modello di indicizzazione a partire dal testo della issue.