bug(virtual-scroll): scrollToIndex does not work for multiple viewports scrolling over the same element

### Is this a regression?

- [ ] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

_No response_

### Description

If you have multiple viewports beneath eachother the function 'scrollToIndex' does not work if you want to scroll to an element in one of the bottom lists. It scrolls to a wrong position.

### Reproduction

StackBlitz link: https://stackblitz.com/edit/components-issue-dch1m4?file=src%2Fapp%2Fexample-component.html,src%2Fapp%2Fexample-component.ts,src%2Fapp%2Fexample-component.css
Steps to reproduce:
1. Click the button 'Scroll to viewport 3 and index 7'
2. It scrolls to the wrong position.

### Expected Behavior

It should scroll to the correct position.

### Actual Behavior

It should scroll to the wrong position.

### Environment

- Angular: 16.2.1
- CDK/Material: 16.2.1
- Browser(s): Chrome
- Operating System (e.g. Windows, macOS, Ubuntu): Stackblitz

リンクされた StackBlitz の再現手順から始め、特に src/app/example-component.html と src/app/example-component.ts を確認し、viewport 3 と index 7 までスクロールする手順を実行します。1 つの要素を共有する複数の Viewport に対する virtual-scroll の動作を追跡し、結果の位置を期待されるターゲットと比較します。ボタンが下側の viewport の正しい項目までスクロールすれば完了です。

索引モデルが issue の本文から書いたものです。