bug(virtual-scroll): scrollToIndex does not work for multiple viewports scrolling over the same element

### Is this a regression?

- [ ] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

_No response_

### Description

If you have multiple viewports beneath eachother the function 'scrollToIndex' does not work if you want to scroll to an element in one of the bottom lists. It scrolls to a wrong position.

### Reproduction

StackBlitz link: https://stackblitz.com/edit/components-issue-dch1m4?file=src%2Fapp%2Fexample-component.html,src%2Fapp%2Fexample-component.ts,src%2Fapp%2Fexample-component.css
Steps to reproduce:
1. Click the button 'Scroll to viewport 3 and index 7'
2. It scrolls to the wrong position.

### Expected Behavior

It should scroll to the correct position.

### Actual Behavior

It should scroll to the wrong position.

### Environment

- Angular: 16.2.1
- CDK/Material: 16.2.1
- Browser(s): Chrome
- Operating System (e.g. Windows, macOS, Ubuntu): Stackblitz

从链接的 StackBlitz 复现开始，重点查看 src/app/example-component.html 和 src/app/example-component.ts，并执行滚动到 viewport 3 和 index 7 的步骤。跟踪多个 viewport 共享同一个元素时的 virtual-scroll 行为，并将最终位置与预期目标进行比较。当按钮滚动到下方 viewport 中的正确项时，即表示完成。

由索引模型根据 Issue 内容生成。