Data race creating Tcl interpreters concurrently via `_tkinter.create` under free-threading

Bug report

Bug description:

_tkinter declares Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED, so under --disable-gil the GIL no longer serializes calls into it. _tkinter.create() creates a new Tcl interpreter with Tcl_CreateInterp():

https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/22a6c51c94a4fde986b8964f1d36d5ec3ac20dcc/Modules/_tkinter.c#L631-L643

reached from _tkinter_create_impl:

https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/22a6c51c94a4fde986b8964f1d36d5ec3ac20dcc/Modules/_tkinter.c#L3456-L3483

_tkinter does not serialize interpreter creation, so two threads calling _tkinter.create() run Tcl_CreateInterp() concurrently. That triggers Tcl's first-time global initialization, where Tcl_MutexLock lazily initializes a static mutex. That init is not concurrency-safe, so one thread's pthread_mutex_init (write) races with another thread's pthread_mutex_lock (atomic read) on the same Tcl global.

Reproducer:

import _tkinter
from threading import Thread

def worker():
    for _ in range(20000):
        try:
            _tkinter.create(None, '', 'Tk', False, 1, False, False, None)
        except Exception:
            pass

ts = [Thread(target=worker) for _ in range(12)]
for t in ts: t.start()
for t in ts: t.join()

TSAN Report (Tested on Linux, Tcl 8.6.14, with useTk=False):

==================
WARNING: ThreadSanitizer: data race (pid=650542)
  Atomic read of size 1 at 0x72a0000145d0 by thread T2:
    #0 pthread_mutex_lock <null> 
    #1 TclCreateExecEnv /usr/src/tcl8.6-8.6.14+dfsg-1build1/generic/tclExecute.c:936:5 
    #2 cfunction_vectorcall_FASTCALL /cpython/Objects/methodobject.c:449:24 
    #3 _PyObject_VectorcallTstate /cpython/./Include/internal/pycore_call.h:144:11 
    #4 PyObject_Vectorcall /cpython/Objects/call.c:327:12 
    #5 _Py_VectorCallInstrumentation_StackRefSteal /cpython/Python/ceval.c:768:11 
    #6 _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault /cpython/Python/generated_cases.c.h:1906:35  

  Previous write of size 1 at 0x72a0000145d0 by thread T1 (mutexes: write M0):
    #0 pthread_mutex_init <null> 
    #1 Tcl_MutexLock /usr/src/tcl8.6-8.6.14+dfsg-1build1/unix/tclUnixThrd.c:430:6 
    #2 cfunction_vectorcall_FASTCALL /cpython/Objects/methodobject.c:449:24 
    #3 _PyObject_VectorcallTstate /cpython/./Include/internal/pycore_call.h:144:11 
    #4 PyObject_Vectorcall /cpython/Objects/call.c:327:12 
    #5 _Py_VectorCallInstrumentation_StackRefSteal /cpython/Python/ceval.c:768:11 
    #6 _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault /cpython/Python/generated_cases.c.h:1906:35  

  Location is heap block of size 16384 at 0x72a000014000 allocated by thread T1:
    #0 malloc <null> 
    #1 GetBlocks /usr/src/tcl8.6-8.6.14+dfsg-1build1/generic/tclThreadAlloc.c:1044:17 
    #2 cfunction_vectorcall_FASTCALL /cpython/Objects/methodobject.c:449:24 
    #3 _PyObject_VectorcallTstate /cpython/./Include/internal/pycore_call.h:144:11 
    #4 PyObject_Vectorcall /cpython/Objects/call.c:327:12 
    #5 _Py_VectorCallInstrumentation_StackRefSteal /cpython/Python/ceval.c:768:11 
    #6 _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault /cpython/Python/generated_cases.c.h:1906:35 

  Mutex M0 (0x7fffb1dff7a0) created at:
    #0 pthread_mutex_lock <null>
    #1 Tcl_MutexLock /usr/src/tcl8.6-8.6.14+dfsg-1build1/unix/tclUnixThrd.c:423:2 
    #2 _PyImport_RunModInitFunc /cpython/./Python/importdl.c:436:19 
    #3 import_run_extension /cpython/Python/import.c:2167:14
    #4 _imp_create_dynamic_impl /cpython/Python/import.c:5565:11 
    #5 _imp_create_dynamic /cpython/Python/clinic/import.c.h:489:20 
    #6 cfunction_vectorcall_FASTCALL /cpython/Objects/methodobject.c:449:24 
    #7 _PyVectorcall_Call /cpython/Objects/call.c:273:16 
    #8 _PyObject_Call /cpython/Objects/call.c:348:16
    #9 PyObject_Call /cpython/Objects/call.c:373:12
    #10 _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault /cpython/Python/generated_cases.c.h:2831:38 

SUMMARY: ThreadSanitizer: data race (/cpython/cpython-tsan/bin/python3.16t+0xfad6e)  in pthread_mutex_lock
==================

On macOS with Tcl/Tk 9.0 the same reproducer surfaces the _tkinter module-global data races (PyOS_InputHook, tcl_lock). With useTk=True it crashes inside Tk's own display initialization.

CPython versions tested on:

CPython main branch

Operating systems tested on:

Linux

Linked PRs

• gh-156342

Modules/_tkinter.c の Tcl_CreateInterp と _tkinter_create_impl から始め、ThreadSanitizer を使う free-threaded CPython ビルドで並行呼び出しを再現します。Linux の Tcl の race と、報告で説明されている macOS のモジュールグローバルの race を比較します。指定された reproducer でインタープリターの作成時に特定された race が報告されず、クラッシュもしなくなれば完了です。コンテキストとして gh-156342 はすでにリンクされています。