TextDecoder is wrong and very slow

Correctness

Encodings that return invalid results:

• Single-byte:
  • ibm866 (fails at even ascii input)
  • koi8-u
  • windows-874
  • windows-1252
  • windows-1253
  • windows-1255
• Multi-byte (all except gb18030):
  • gbk (should be identical to gb18030 but it is instead broken)
  • big5
  • euc-jp
  • iso-2022-jp
  • shift_jis (fails at even ascii input)
  • euc-kr

Unimplemented encodings that throw:

• iso-8859-16
• x-user-defined

If built without icu, utf-16le encoding also returns invalid results:

> new TextDecoder('utf-16le').decode(Uint16Array.of(0xd800))
'�' // correct
'\ud800' // no ICU

Performance

• utf-8 (aka default) TextDecoder is much slower on ascii input than it can and should be
  1.3x on 4096 bytes, ~3x on 1 MiB input
• The above applies to buffer.toString() too
  It's much slower on ASCII input than a checked js impl (same 1.3x-3x)
• windows-1252 aka new TextDecoder('ascii') aka new TextDecoder('latin1')
  is ~2x-4x slower than an optimized impl on ascii input
• windows-1252 aka new TextDecoder('latin1')
  is ~6x-12x slower than an optimized impl on latin1 input
• windows-1252 is ~7x-12x slower than an optimized js impl
• Other single-byte encodings that are significantly slower than js impl even on non-ascii input:
  iso-8859-3, iso-8859-6, iso-8859-7, iso-8859-8, iso-8859-8-i, windows-1253, windows-1255, windows-1257
• None of the single-byte encodings are faster than the js impl even on non-ascii input
• All of the single-byte encodings except windows-1252 are >=10x slower than the js impl on ascii input
  (windows-1252 is only ~2-4x slower)

References

Nothing of the above requires any changes on the native side, I compared to a somewhat optimized JS implementation

See https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1pdEefRG6r9fZy61WHGz0TKSt8cO4ISWqlpBN5KntIvQ/edit

See tests in https://github.com/ExodusOSS/bytes/blob/master/tests/encoding/mistakes.test.js (comment out the import and it can be run on Node.js without deps with only that file)

Suggestions

1. Add a proper ASCII fast path to buffer.toString()
   https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/61119
2. Add a proper ASCII fast path to new TextDecoder().decode(arg)
   https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/61119
3. Perhaps replace single-byte decoders with a js impl, remove native paths and lib usage. They all are just mappers, the implementation for all of them is identical
   Or at least replace the slow, unsupported, or invalid ones.
   #61093
4. Remove gbk decoder path and make it do the same as gb18030 as the spec says
   https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/61099
5. For utf16 decode optimistically using existing fast apis, then check the string for validity
   https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/61559
6. Fix bugs in the non-ICU codepath
   https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/61409
   https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/61549
   https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/61559
7. Fix or replace implementations for big5, euc-jp, iso-2022-jp, shift_jis, euc-kr
   To fix legacy multi-byte decoders, attempt to re-use what Chromium has or import js code from @exodus/bytes

Bắt đầu với các entry point TextDecoder và buffer.toString() được mô tả trong issue, sau đó chạy các bài kiểm thử mã hóa byte được tham chiếu để tái hiện một lỗi tính đúng đắn cụ thể hoặc benchmark một trường hợp hiệu năng cụ thể. Thu hẹp công việc vào một encoding hoặc fast path, và xác định hoàn thành là khi bài kiểm thử tính đúng đắn liên quan đạt hoặc chứng minh được cải thiện mục tiêu mà không thay đổi các decoder path không liên quan.