[C++] Stream API: Add support for repeated fields

The parquet::StreamReader and parquet::StreamWriter classes currently only support required fields.

Support must be added to this API in order for it to be usable when the schema has repeated fields.

**Reporter**: [Gawain BOLTON](https://issues.apache.org/jira/secure/ViewProfile.jspa?name=gawain_bolton) / @gawain-bolton
**Assignee**: [Gawain BOLTON](https://issues.apache.org/jira/secure/ViewProfile.jspa?name=gawain_bolton) / @gawain-bolton
#### Related issues:
- [[C++] Stream API: Add support for optional fields](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/42915) (is cloned by)

_{**Note**: *This issue was originally created as [PARQUET-1700](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PARQUET-1700). Please see the [migration documentation](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PARQUET-2502) for further details.*}

Start by reading the parquet::StreamReader and parquet::StreamWriter implementations and the related optional-fields issue. Exercise the API with schemas containing repeated fields, then verify that both reading and writing support those fields consistently and add coverage for the behavior.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.