[C++] Stream API: Add support for repeated fields

The parquet::StreamReader and parquet::StreamWriter classes currently only support required fields.

Support must be added to this API in order for it to be usable when the schema has repeated fields.

**Reporter**: [Gawain BOLTON](https://issues.apache.org/jira/secure/ViewProfile.jspa?name=gawain_bolton) / @gawain-bolton
**Assignee**: [Gawain BOLTON](https://issues.apache.org/jira/secure/ViewProfile.jspa?name=gawain_bolton) / @gawain-bolton
#### Related issues:
- [[C++] Stream API: Add support for optional fields](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/42915) (is cloned by)

_{**Note**: *This issue was originally created as [PARQUET-1700](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PARQUET-1700). Please see the [migration documentation](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/PARQUET-2502) for further details.*}