KVM: Hot-plugged NIC gets non-sequential PCI slot causing unpredictable interface naming in guest
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描述
## Description
When hot-plugging a NIC to a running KVM VM via CloudStack, the new NIC receives a non-sequential PCI slot address, resulting in unpredictable interface naming in the guest OS (e.g., `ens9` instead of the expected `ens5`). This causes guest network configuration to fail because CloudStack and cloud-init expect sequential interface naming.
## Root Cause
In `LibvirtPlugNicCommandWrapper.java`, the `execute()` method calls `vifDriver.plug()` which creates an `InterfaceDef` without setting a PCI slot (line 64). When `vm.attachDevice()` is called, libvirt auto-assigns the next free PCI slot. Since non-NIC PCI devices (virtio-serial controller, virtio-disk, memballoon, watchdog) occupy slots immediately after the existing NICs, the hot-plugged NIC gets a much higher slot number.
### Typical PCI slot layout for a CloudStack KVM VM:
| Slot | Device |
|------|--------|
| 0x01 | USB + IDE controllers |
| 0x02 | Video (cirrus) |
| 0x03 | NIC net0 → guest sees `ens3` |
| 0x04 | NIC net1 → guest sees `ens4` |
| 0x05 | virtio-serial controller |
| 0x06 | virtio-disk |
| 0x07 | memballoon |
| 0x08 | watchdog |
| 0x09 | **Hot-plugged NIC → guest sees `ens9` (should be `ens5`)** |
Note: `LibvirtReplugNicCommandWrapper` already handles this correctly by preserving the PCI slot when re-plugging (`interfaceDef.setSlot(oldPluggedNic.getSlot())`), but `LibvirtPlugNicCommandWrapper` has no slot assignment logic.
## Evidence (from production CloudStack 4.20)
**Before fix** — hot-plugged NIC at PCI slot 0x09:
```
$ virsh dumpxml i-2-1681-VM | grep -A6 'net2'
$ virsh qemu-agent-command i-2-1681-VM '{"execute":"guest-network-get-interfaces"}'
"name": "ens3", "hardware-address": "02:01:01:76:01:35"
"name": "ens4", "hardware-address": "02:01:03:15:00:01"
"name": "ens9", "hardware-address": "02:01:03:4c:00:08" ← non-sequential
$ ip a (inside guest):
4: ens9: mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN
```
**After relocating non-NIC devices to high PCI slots (0x10+)** — hot-plugged NIC gets slot 0x04:
```
$ virsh qemu-agent-command i-2-1681-VM '{"execute":"guest-network-get-interfaces"}'
"name": "ens3", "hardware-address": "02:01:01:76:01:35"
"name": "ens4", "hardware-address": "02:aa:bb:cc:dd:01" ← sequential!
```
## Impact
- Hot-plugged NICs get `ens9`, `ens10`, etc. instead of sequential names
- Guest network configuration (cloud-init, CloudStack userdata) fails for the new NIC
- NIC shows as DOWN with no IP address in the guest
- Only a full VM reboot reassigns sequential PCI slots
## Fix
This PR adds explicit PCI slot assignment in `LibvirtPlugNicCommandWrapper`:
1. Query the domain XML to find all PCI slots currently in use
2. Find the highest PCI slot used by existing NICs
3. Assign the next free slot after the last NIC slot to the new NIC
**Note:** For full sequential naming, a follow-up change is needed to assign non-NIC PCI devices to higher slot numbers (e.g., 0x10+) during VM creation in `LibvirtComputingResource.createDevicesDef()`. This would leave slots 3-15 available for NICs, allowing hot-plugged NICs to always get sequential names.
## How to Reproduce
1. Create a KVM VM with 2 NICs
2. While running, add a 3rd NIC via CloudStack API/UI
3. Check inside guest: `ip link show` — the new NIC will be `ens9` (not `ens5`)
4. The NIC will be DOWN with no IP configuration
## Versions
- CloudStack 4.20
- QEMU 8.2, Libvirt 9.x
- Guest: Debian 12 (systemd-networkd with predictable interface naming)
贡献指南
调研方向
阅读 LibvirtPlugNicCommandWrapper.java，尤其是 execute()、vifDriver.plug() 和 vm.attachDevice()，然后对比 LibvirtReplugNicCommandWrapper 中的插槽处理。完成的标准是，热插拔路径在现有 NIC 之后分配下一个可用的 PCI 插槽，使 guest 获得连续的接口命名；该 issue 还指出需要在 LibvirtComputingResource.createDevicesDef() 中进行后续处理。
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评估
- 技术栈
- java
- 领域
- cloud, infrastructure
- Issue 类型
- 缺陷
- 难度
- 3/5
- 预计耗时
- 1-2 天
- 活跃度
- 停滞
- 描述清晰度
- 描述清楚
- 新手友好度
- 15/100