[Java] Implement vector diff functionality

In C++ side, we already have array diff functionality for vector equals and testing to make it easy to see differences between Arrays and reduce debugging time.  And it’s better to do something similar in Java side for better testing facilities.

**Reporter**: [Ji Liu](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-8019) / @tianchen92

_{**Note**: *This issue was originally created as [ARROW-8019](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-8019). Please see the [migration documentation](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/14542) for further details.*}

Start by locating the existing C++ array diff functionality and the Java testing utilities that compare vectors. Define the Java equivalent by matching the differences exposed for vector equality, then add or update tests demonstrating the resulting diagnostics.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.