[Java] Test fuzzer inputs

We are developing a fuzzer-based corpus of malformed IPC inputs

https://github.com/apache/arrow-testing/tree/master/data/arrow-ipc

The Java implementation should also test against these to verify that the correct kind of exception is raised

**Reporter**: [Wes McKinney](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-5926) / @wesm
#### PRs and other links:
- [GitHub Pull Request apache/arrow#10789](https://github.com/apache/arrow/pull/10789)

_{**Note**: *This issue was originally created as [ARROW-5926](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-5926). Please see the [migration documentation](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/14542) for further details.*}

Start by reviewing the malformed corpus under data/arrow-ipc in the linked arrow-testing repository and locating the Java IPC input tests. Add coverage for those inputs and verify that each produces the expected exception type; the linked pull request should be checked first because it may already contain the work.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.