[Java] Enhancements for Java Dataset API

### Describe the enhancement requested

Some important changes are suggested in the list below to improve the developer experience with the Dataset API of java/arrow. Most of these suggestions if implemented will lead to consistency with the [pyarrow dataset API](https://arrow.apache.org/docs/python/generated/pyarrow.dataset.dataset.html#pyarrow.dataset.dataset).

1. Support for providing Filesystem options like access_key etc. programmatically. Currently only env vars are supported.
2. Support for globbed paths and directories
3. Excluding invalid files
4. Additional documentation for already implemented functionality
1. Reading and writing to remote/ cloud stores (HDFS, S3, GCS ...)
2. Clarification of behaviour when reading multiple files. Why 2 or more files supplied, they may have different schema. Currently, only the schema of the last files is shown by `.inspect()` and this is not documented anywhere. This behaviour is the same in pyarrow. Maybe it's a good idea to allow users to provide a strategy like Error, Merge, LastFile etc.
3. Reading and writing partitioned datasets
4. Difference between `FileSystemDatasetFactory.inspect()` and `FileSystemDatasetFactory.finish().newScan(...).schema()`. Which one to use in which case?
5. Env vars for Filesystem are not documented

Please let me know if the above make sense, I can help with PRs for the same.

### Component(s)

Java

Issue で挙げられている Java Dataset API のエントリーポイント、特に FileSystemDatasetFactory.inspect() と finish().newScan(...).schema() から始めます。広範な要望を、ファイルシステムオプション、パス、無効なファイル、スキーマの動作、パーティション分割された Datasets、ドキュメントについて、それぞれ個別にスコープを設定した変更に分割します。Done は、対応する実装またはドキュメントと検証を伴う、合意済みのサブセットによって定義します。

索引モデルが issue の本文から書いたものです。