[Java] Enhancements for Java Dataset API

### Describe the enhancement requested

Some important changes are suggested in the list below to improve the developer experience with the Dataset API of java/arrow. Most of these suggestions if implemented will lead to consistency with the [pyarrow dataset API](https://arrow.apache.org/docs/python/generated/pyarrow.dataset.dataset.html#pyarrow.dataset.dataset).

1. Support for providing Filesystem options like access_key etc. programmatically. Currently only env vars are supported.
2. Support for globbed paths and directories
3. Excluding invalid files
4. Additional documentation for already implemented functionality
1. Reading and writing to remote/ cloud stores (HDFS, S3, GCS ...)
2. Clarification of behaviour when reading multiple files. Why 2 or more files supplied, they may have different schema. Currently, only the schema of the last files is shown by `.inspect()` and this is not documented anywhere. This behaviour is the same in pyarrow. Maybe it's a good idea to allow users to provide a strategy like Error, Merge, LastFile etc.
3. Reading and writing partitioned datasets
4. Difference between `FileSystemDatasetFactory.inspect()` and `FileSystemDatasetFactory.finish().newScan(...).schema()`. Which one to use in which case?
5. Env vars for Filesystem are not documented

Please let me know if the above make sense, I can help with PRs for the same.

### Component(s)

Java

从 issue 中列出的 Java Dataset API 入口点开始，尤其是 FileSystemDatasetFactory.inspect() 和 finish().newScan(...).schema()。将范围较广的请求拆分为针对文件系统选项、路径、无效文件、schema 行为、分区 Datasets 和文档的独立变更。Done 应通过一个约定的子集来定义，并为其提供相应的实现或文档以及验证。

由索引模型根据 Issue 内容生成。