[Java] Enhancements for Java Dataset API

### Describe the enhancement requested

Some important changes are suggested in the list below to improve the developer experience with the Dataset API of java/arrow. Most of these suggestions if implemented will lead to consistency with the [pyarrow dataset API](https://arrow.apache.org/docs/python/generated/pyarrow.dataset.dataset.html#pyarrow.dataset.dataset).

1. Support for providing Filesystem options like access_key etc. programmatically. Currently only env vars are supported.
2. Support for globbed paths and directories
3. Excluding invalid files
4. Additional documentation for already implemented functionality
1. Reading and writing to remote/ cloud stores (HDFS, S3, GCS ...)
2. Clarification of behaviour when reading multiple files. Why 2 or more files supplied, they may have different schema. Currently, only the schema of the last files is shown by `.inspect()` and this is not documented anywhere. This behaviour is the same in pyarrow. Maybe it's a good idea to allow users to provide a strategy like Error, Merge, LastFile etc.
3. Reading and writing partitioned datasets
4. Difference between `FileSystemDatasetFactory.inspect()` and `FileSystemDatasetFactory.finish().newScan(...).schema()`. Which one to use in which case?
5. Env vars for Filesystem are not documented

Please let me know if the above make sense, I can help with PRs for the same.

### Component(s)

Java

從 issue 中列出的 Java Dataset API 入口點開始，尤其是 FileSystemDatasetFactory.inspect() 和 finish().newScan(...).schema()。將範圍廣泛的要求拆分為針對檔案系統選項、路徑、無效檔案、schema 行為、分割區 Datasets 和文件的獨立變更。Done 應透過一個約定的子集來定義，並為其提供相應的實作或文件以及驗證。

由索引模型根據 Issue 內容生成。