bug(Toolbar): Defined background colors does not get applied with version 17.3.1

### Is this a regression?

- [X] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

16

### Description

If you go to the official `Angular Material` docs, and select component `Toolbar`, examples tab, you see in action the usage of toolbar with a color defined such as `primary` but you don't see any color applied to it.

If you open up any of the examples to Stackblitz, you can clearly see that any of the defined colors "warn", "primary", "accent" does not get applied in the toolbar property

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### Reproduction

StackBlitz link: https://stackblitz.com/edit/ga5498?file=src%2Fexample%2Ftoolbar-overview-example.html

Steps to reproduce:
1. Specify one of the colors predefined such as `warn`, `primary`, `accent` to the toolbar component

### Expected Behavior

If the developer specifies a color to a toolbar, either a predefined one or a custom one, then the color should take effect into the material component (e.g toolbar)

### Actual Behavior

Specifying any of the predefined colors does not get applied in the toolbar component

### Environment

- Angular: 17.3.0
- CDK/Material: 17.3.1
- Browser(s): Firefox 124.01 or Chrome 123.0.6312.86
- Operating System (e.g. Windows, macOS, Ubuntu): Linux Mint

リンクされた StackBlitz の再現とその src/example/toolbar-overview-example.html ファイルから始め、報告されている Angular Material の各バージョンでツールバーの動作を比較します。何かを変更する前に、primary、accent、warn、custom の各色を確認し、関連するプロジェクトのエントリーポイントまたはテストを特定します。ツールバーが指定された色を適用し、回帰が成功したチェックでカバーされていれば完了です。

索引モデルが issue の本文から書いたものです。