bug(Toolbar): Defined background colors does not get applied with version 17.3.1

### Is this a regression?

- [X] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

16

### Description

If you go to the official `Angular Material` docs, and select component `Toolbar`, examples tab, you see in action the usage of toolbar with a color defined such as `primary` but you don't see any color applied to it.

If you open up any of the examples to Stackblitz, you can clearly see that any of the defined colors "warn", "primary", "accent" does not get applied in the toolbar property

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### Reproduction

StackBlitz link: https://stackblitz.com/edit/ga5498?file=src%2Fexample%2Ftoolbar-overview-example.html

Steps to reproduce:
1. Specify one of the colors predefined such as `warn`, `primary`, `accent` to the toolbar component

### Expected Behavior

If the developer specifies a color to a toolbar, either a predefined one or a custom one, then the color should take effect into the material component (e.g toolbar)

### Actual Behavior

Specifying any of the predefined colors does not get applied in the toolbar component

### Environment

- Angular: 17.3.0
- CDK/Material: 17.3.1
- Browser(s): Firefox 124.01 or Chrome 123.0.6312.86
- Operating System (e.g. Windows, macOS, Ubuntu): Linux Mint

Commencez par la reproduction StackBlitz liée et son fichier src/example/toolbar-overview-example.html, puis comparez le comportement de la barre d’outils entre les versions d’Angular Material signalées. Vérifiez les couleurs primary, accent, warn et custom, et identifiez le point d’entrée pertinent du projet ou le test correspondant avant de modifier quoi que ce soit. C’est terminé lorsque la barre d’outils applique les couleurs spécifiées et que la régression est couverte par une vérification réussie.

Rédigé par le modèle d'indexation à partir du texte de l'issue.