bug(CdkDragDrop): reordering smaller against larger items produce flickering effect

### Is this a regression?

- [ ] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

_No response_

### Description

When using CdkDragDrop for reordering items with different sizes (e.g. width for horizontal orientation) in a container with greater height then of the elements there is a flickering effects. CdkDragDrop moves larger item really quickly from one side to another.

Try to drag "Iron age" over empty space in container against some wider item (e.g. "Early modern period")

Example uses angular 12, but in angular 17 it works the same.

### Reproduction

StackBlitz link: https://stackblitz.com/edit/angular-fhqz1h?file=src%2Fapp%2Fcdk-drag-drop-horizontal-sorting-example.css,src%2Fapp%2Fcdk-drag-drop-horizontal-sorting-example.ts,src%2Fapp%2Fcdk-drag-drop-horizontal-sorting-example.html

### Expected Behavior

Reorder elements without flickering effects, as it is when reordering elements of the same size or when container is not larger (e.g. greater height for horizontal list).

### Actual Behavior

Larger element in the list that is reordered against moves fast from one side to another.

### Environment

- Angular: 12
- CDK/Material: 12
- Browser(s): any
- Operating System (e.g. Windows, macOS, Ubuntu): any

まず、リンクされた StackBlitz の再現を実行し、src/app/cdk-drag-drop-horizontal-sorting-example.css、.ts、.html を調べます。「Iron age」を「Early modern period」と対向する空白の上にドラッグして再現し、その後、CdkDragDrop の水平方向の並べ替え動作を追跡します。サイズの異なる項目がちらつきなしに並べ替えられ、同じサイズおよびより短いコンテナの場合の動作と一致すれば完了です。

索引モデルが issue の本文から書いたものです。