bug(CdkDragDrop): reordering smaller against larger items produce flickering effect

### Is this a regression?

- [ ] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

_No response_

### Description

When using CdkDragDrop for reordering items with different sizes (e.g. width for horizontal orientation) in a container with greater height then of the elements there is a flickering effects. CdkDragDrop moves larger item really quickly from one side to another.

Try to drag "Iron age" over empty space in container against some wider item (e.g. "Early modern period")

Example uses angular 12, but in angular 17 it works the same.

### Reproduction

StackBlitz link: https://stackblitz.com/edit/angular-fhqz1h?file=src%2Fapp%2Fcdk-drag-drop-horizontal-sorting-example.css,src%2Fapp%2Fcdk-drag-drop-horizontal-sorting-example.ts,src%2Fapp%2Fcdk-drag-drop-horizontal-sorting-example.html

### Expected Behavior

Reorder elements without flickering effects, as it is when reordering elements of the same size or when container is not larger (e.g. greater height for horizontal list).

### Actual Behavior

Larger element in the list that is reordered against moves fast from one side to another.

### Environment

- Angular: 12
- CDK/Material: 12
- Browser(s): any
- Operating System (e.g. Windows, macOS, Ubuntu): any

首先运行链接的 StackBlitz 复现，并检查 src/app/cdk-drag-drop-horizontal-sorting-example.css、.ts 和 .html。复现将“Iron age”拖过“Early modern period”对面的空白区域，然后跟踪 CdkDragDrop 的水平排序行为。当不同大小的项目能够在不闪烁的情况下重新排序，并且与相同大小项目和较短容器的行为一致时，即表示完成。

由索引模型根据 Issue 内容生成。