bug(autocomplete, select): should leave extra space when positioned above outlined form-field

### Is this a regression?

- [ ] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

_No response_

### Description

When the autocomplete or select is positioned above an outlined form-field (due to insufficient space on the bottom), it overlaps the label. Ideally we would add some additional space when positioning above so that the label is still legible.

### Reproduction

StackBlitz link: https://stackblitz.com/edit/6pam3o
Steps to reproduce:
1. Click inside form-field
2. Observe that autocomplete overlaps the label

### Expected Behavior

Label should be legible while select/autocomplete is open

### Actual Behavior

select/autocomplete obscures label

### Environment

- Angular: 16
- CDK/Material: 16
- Browser(s): All
- Operating System (e.g. Windows, macOS, Ubuntu): All

Angular 16 と CDK/Material 16 を使用したリンク先の StackBlitz の再現から始め、outlined form-field に対して overlay がその上に開いたときの autocomplete と select の位置決めの動作を調査します。再現で示されている重なりを確認し、問題を修正したときにラベルが読みやすいままであることを検証します。

索引モデルが issue の本文から書いたものです。