bug(autocomplete, select): should leave extra space when positioned above outlined form-field

### Is this a regression?

- [ ] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

_No response_

### Description

When the autocomplete or select is positioned above an outlined form-field (due to insufficient space on the bottom), it overlaps the label. Ideally we would add some additional space when positioning above so that the label is still legible.

### Reproduction

StackBlitz link: https://stackblitz.com/edit/6pam3o
Steps to reproduce:
1. Click inside form-field
2. Observe that autocomplete overlaps the label

### Expected Behavior

Label should be legible while select/autocomplete is open

### Actual Behavior

select/autocomplete obscures label

### Environment

- Angular: 16
- CDK/Material: 16
- Browser(s): All
- Operating System (e.g. Windows, macOS, Ubuntu): All

Beginne mit der verlinkten StackBlitz-Reproduktion unter Verwendung von Angular 16 und CDK/Material 16. Untersuche anschließend das Positionierungsverhalten von autocomplete und select bei einem outlined form-field, wenn das Overlay darüber geöffnet wird. Bestätige die in der Reproduktion gezeigte Überlappung und überprüfe, dass das Label lesbar bleibt, wenn das Problem behoben ist.

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