bug(autocomplete, select): should leave extra space when positioned above outlined form-field

### Is this a regression?

- [ ] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

_No response_

### Description

When the autocomplete or select is positioned above an outlined form-field (due to insufficient space on the bottom), it overlaps the label. Ideally we would add some additional space when positioning above so that the label is still legible.

### Reproduction

StackBlitz link: https://stackblitz.com/edit/6pam3o
Steps to reproduce:
1. Click inside form-field
2. Observe that autocomplete overlaps the label

### Expected Behavior

Label should be legible while select/autocomplete is open

### Actual Behavior

select/autocomplete obscures label

### Environment

- Angular: 16
- CDK/Material: 16
- Browser(s): All
- Operating System (e.g. Windows, macOS, Ubuntu): All

Comienza con la reproducción enlazada en StackBlitz usando Angular 16 y CDK/Material 16; después, inspecciona el comportamiento del posicionamiento de autocomplete y select para un outlined form-field cuando el overlay se abre por encima. Confirma la superposición mostrada en la reproducción y verifica que la etiqueta siga siendo legible cuando se solucione el problema.

Escrito por el modelo de indexación a partir del texto del issue.