Cannot set custom global ErrorStateMatcher for lazy loaded modules

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#### Bug, feature request, or proposal:
Bug

#### What is the expected behavior?
There should be ability to override ErrorStateMatcher for the whole application

#### What is the current behavior?
`@NgModule({
providers: [
{provide: ErrorStateMatcher, useClass: CustomErrorStateMatcher}
]
})`

CustomErrorStateMatcher being provided in the application root module aren't applied inside of lazy loaded modules. Thus it is necessary to duplicate providing of custom error state matcher in every lazy loaded module.

#### What is the use-case or motivation for changing an existing behavior?
It is reasonable to have ability to override error state matcher bahavior for the whole app no matter it consists of lazy or non-lazy modules

#### Which versions of Angular, Material, OS, TypeScript, browsers are affected?
Angular 5.1.3
Material 5.2.2

首先，使用 Angular 5.1.3 和 Material 5.2.2 重现所示的 ErrorStateMatcher provider 配置，并比较 root 模块和 lazy-loaded 模块。跟踪自定义 matcher 在每个模块中的解析方式。当应用范围的 matcher 能够在 lazy-loaded 模块内生效且无需重复 provider 时，即表示完成。

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