Missing logger

- Algolia Client Version: latest

### Description

On the Algolia PHP Client, there is the logger feature that allow us to log what happens when a `search`|or other method is called. By default, there is a debug logger that will `print` the requests that are made by the client:
```php
Algolia\AlgoliaSearch\Logger\DebugLogger::enable();

$index->search('foo'); // Dumps information about the request on the console.

Algolia\AlgoliaSearch\Logger\DebugLogger::disable();
```

Example output on the console:
```
array:3 [
"level" => "debug"
"message" => "Algolia API client: Sending request."
"context" => array:6 [
"body" => array:1 [
"query" => "fo"
]
"headers" => array:4 [
"X-Algolia-Application-Id" => ".."
"X-Algolia-API-Key" => ".."
"User-Agent" => "Algolia for PHP (2.2.6); PHP (7.3.5)"
"Content-Type" => "application/json"
]
"method" => "POST"
"query" => []
"retryNumber" => 1
"host" => "https://..-dsn.algolia.net/1/indexes/contacts/query"
]
]
array:3 [
"level" => "debug"
"message" => "Algolia API client: Host failed."
"context" => array:7 [
"body" => array:1 [
"query" => "fo"
]
"headers" => array:4 [
"X-Algolia-Application-Id" => ".."
"X-Algolia-API-Key" => ".."
"User-Agent" => "Algolia for PHP (2.2.6); PHP (7.3.5)"
"Content-Type" => "application/json"
]
"method" => "POST"
"query" => []
"retryNumber" => 1
"host" => "https://..-dsn.algolia.net/1/indexes/contacts/query"
"description" => "An internal server error occurred on ..-dsn.algolia.net"
]
]
```

This issue addresses that feature, as we don't have a logger on the python client. The idea, would be inject a concrete implementation of the logger on the client, allowing people to use this logger for debug purposes, but also, eventually for production reasons using their own specific logger.

まず Python クライアントの検索およびリクエストのエントリポイントを追跡し、ここで説明されている PHP クライアントの DebugLogger の動作と比較します。具体的なロガーをどのように注入するか、カスタム実装がリクエストイベントをどのように受け取るかを定義し、デバッグロギングの有効化と本番用ロガーの提供を対象とするテストカバレッジを追加します。

索引モデルが issue の本文から書いたものです。