Missing logger

- Algolia Client Version: latest

### Description

On the Algolia PHP Client, there is the logger feature that allow us to log what happens when a `search`|or other method is called. By default, there is a debug logger that will `print` the requests that are made by the client:
```php
Algolia\AlgoliaSearch\Logger\DebugLogger::enable();

$index->search('foo'); // Dumps information about the request on the console.

Algolia\AlgoliaSearch\Logger\DebugLogger::disable();
```

Example output on the console:
```
array:3 [
"level" => "debug"
"message" => "Algolia API client: Sending request."
"context" => array:6 [
"body" => array:1 [
"query" => "fo"
]
"headers" => array:4 [
"X-Algolia-Application-Id" => ".."
"X-Algolia-API-Key" => ".."
"User-Agent" => "Algolia for PHP (2.2.6); PHP (7.3.5)"
"Content-Type" => "application/json"
]
"method" => "POST"
"query" => []
"retryNumber" => 1
"host" => "https://..-dsn.algolia.net/1/indexes/contacts/query"
]
]
array:3 [
"level" => "debug"
"message" => "Algolia API client: Host failed."
"context" => array:7 [
"body" => array:1 [
"query" => "fo"
]
"headers" => array:4 [
"X-Algolia-Application-Id" => ".."
"X-Algolia-API-Key" => ".."
"User-Agent" => "Algolia for PHP (2.2.6); PHP (7.3.5)"
"Content-Type" => "application/json"
]
"method" => "POST"
"query" => []
"retryNumber" => 1
"host" => "https://..-dsn.algolia.net/1/indexes/contacts/query"
"description" => "An internal server error occurred on ..-dsn.algolia.net"
]
]
```

This issue addresses that feature, as we don't have a logger on the python client. The idea, would be inject a concrete implementation of the logger on the client, allowing people to use this logger for debug purposes, but also, eventually for production reasons using their own specific logger.

Empieza rastreando los puntos de entrada de búsqueda y solicitudes del cliente Python, y luego compáralos con el comportamiento de DebugLogger del cliente PHP descrito aquí. Define cómo se inyecta un logger concreto y cómo las implementaciones personalizadas reciben eventos de solicitud; añade cobertura de pruebas para habilitar el registro de depuración y proporcionar un logger de producción.

Escrito por el modelo de indexación a partir del texto del issue.