Missing logger

- Algolia Client Version: latest

### Description

On the Algolia PHP Client, there is the logger feature that allow us to log what happens when a `search`|or other method is called. By default, there is a debug logger that will `print` the requests that are made by the client:
```php
Algolia\AlgoliaSearch\Logger\DebugLogger::enable();

$index->search('foo'); // Dumps information about the request on the console.

Algolia\AlgoliaSearch\Logger\DebugLogger::disable();
```

Example output on the console:
```
array:3 [
"level" => "debug"
"message" => "Algolia API client: Sending request."
"context" => array:6 [
"body" => array:1 [
"query" => "fo"
]
"headers" => array:4 [
"X-Algolia-Application-Id" => ".."
"X-Algolia-API-Key" => ".."
"User-Agent" => "Algolia for PHP (2.2.6); PHP (7.3.5)"
"Content-Type" => "application/json"
]
"method" => "POST"
"query" => []
"retryNumber" => 1
"host" => "https://..-dsn.algolia.net/1/indexes/contacts/query"
]
]
array:3 [
"level" => "debug"
"message" => "Algolia API client: Host failed."
"context" => array:7 [
"body" => array:1 [
"query" => "fo"
]
"headers" => array:4 [
"X-Algolia-Application-Id" => ".."
"X-Algolia-API-Key" => ".."
"User-Agent" => "Algolia for PHP (2.2.6); PHP (7.3.5)"
"Content-Type" => "application/json"
]
"method" => "POST"
"query" => []
"retryNumber" => 1
"host" => "https://..-dsn.algolia.net/1/indexes/contacts/query"
"description" => "An internal server error occurred on ..-dsn.algolia.net"
]
]
```

This issue addresses that feature, as we don't have a logger on the python client. The idea, would be inject a concrete implementation of the logger on the client, allowing people to use this logger for debug purposes, but also, eventually for production reasons using their own specific logger.

Start by tracing the Python client's search and request entry points, then compare them with the PHP client's DebugLogger behavior described here. Define how a concrete logger is injected and how custom implementations receive request events; add coverage for enabling debug logging and supplying a production logger.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.