Spaces in folder name breaks iOS build

Description

Noticed this change while investigating #54140, but having a space in your folder name still results in a broken build (at least with the default XCode build phases).

A fix that seems to work for me is changing the "Bundle React code" build phase to include extra quotes to double wrap the file paths like so:

set -e

WITH_ENVIRONMENT="\"$REACT_NATIVE_PATH/scripts/xcode/with-environment.sh\""
REACT_NATIVE_XCODE="\"$REACT_NATIVE_PATH/scripts/react-native-xcode.sh\""

/bin/sh -c "$WITH_ENVIRONMENT $REACT_NATIVE_XCODE"

Steps to reproduce

1. Clone the repo, yarn, pod install.
2. Change the directory name to one with spaces (e.g. mv repo "space bug")
3. Optionally add set -x to the "Bundle React Native code and images" build phase to view the shell commands executed.
4. Attempt to build the xcode workspace.

React Native Version

0.82.0

Affected Platforms

Build - MacOS

Output of npx @react-native-community/cli info

System:
  OS: macOS 15.5
  CPU: (10) arm64 Apple M1 Pro
  Memory: 220.09 MB / 16.00 GB
  Shell:
    version: "5.9"
    path: /bin/zsh
Binaries:
  Node:
    version: 22.17.1
    path: /Users/davidliu/.nvm/versions/node/v22.17.1/bin/node
  Yarn:
    version: 3.6.4
    path: /opt/homebrew/bin/yarn
  npm:
    version: 10.9.2
    path: /Users/davidliu/.nvm/versions/node/v22.17.1/bin/npm
  Watchman:
    version: 2025.02.17.00
    path: /opt/homebrew/bin/watchman
Managers:
  CocoaPods:
    version: 1.16.2
    path: /Users/davidliu/.rbenv/shims/pod
SDKs:
  iOS SDK:
    Platforms:
      - DriverKit 24.5
      - iOS 18.5
      - macOS 15.5
      - tvOS 18.5
      - visionOS 2.5
      - watchOS 11.5
  Android SDK:
    API Levels:
      - "24"
      - "27"
      - "28"
      - "29"
      - "30"
      - "31"
      - "32"
      - "33"
      - "34"
      - "35"
      - "36"
    Build Tools:
      - 27.0.3
      - 28.0.3
      - 29.0.0
      - 29.0.2
      - 30.0.2
      - 30.0.3
      - 31.0.0
      - 32.0.0
      - 33.0.0
      - 33.0.1
      - 33.0.2
      - 34.0.0
      - 35.0.0
      - 35.0.0
      - 35.0.0
      - 36.0.0
    Android NDK: Not Found
IDEs:
  Android Studio: 2025.1 AI-251.26094.121.2512.13840223
  Xcode:
    version: 16.4/16F6
    path: /usr/bin/xcodebuild
Languages:
  Java:
    version: 17.0.14
    path: /opt/homebrew/opt/sdkman-cli/libexec/candidates/java/current/bin/javac
  Ruby:
    version: 3.3.5
    path: /Users/davidliu/.rbenv/shims/ruby
npmPackages:
  "@react-native-community/cli":
    installed: 20.0.0
    wanted: 20.0.0
  react:
    installed: 19.1.1
    wanted: 19.1.1
  react-native:
    installed: 0.82.0
    wanted: 0.82.0
  react-native-macos: Not Found
npmGlobalPackages:
  "*react-native*": Not Found
Android:
  hermesEnabled: true
  newArchEnabled: true
iOS:
  hermesEnabled: true
  newArchEnabled: true

Stacktrace or Logs

+ WITH_ENVIRONMENT='/Users/davidliu/github/space bug/ReproducerApp/ios/Pods/../../node_modules/react-native/scripts/xcode/with-environment.sh'
+ REACT_NATIVE_XCODE='/Users/davidliu/github/space bug/ReproducerApp/ios/Pods/../../node_modules/react-native/scripts/react-native-xcode.sh'
+ /bin/sh -c '/Users/davidliu/github/space bug/ReproducerApp/ios/Pods/../../node_modules/react-native/scripts/xcode/with-environment.sh /Users/davidliu/github/space bug/ReproducerApp/ios/Pods/../../node_modules/react-native/scripts/react-native-xcode.sh'
/bin/sh: /Users/davidliu/github/space: No such file or directory

MANDATORY Reproducer

https://github.com/davidliu/react-native-space-bug

Screenshots and Videos

No response

Bắt đầu với build phase Bundle React code and images và các entry point scripts/xcode/with-environment.sh và scripts/react-native-xcode.sh được hiển thị trong log. Tái hiện build sau khi di chuyển repository vào một path có chứa khoảng trắng, sau đó xác minh rằng Xcode workspace build thành công từ path đó.