[Feature] Support Vortex file format

### Search before asking

- [x] I searched in the [issues](https://github.com/apache/paimon-cpp/issues) and found nothing similar.

### Motivation

Apache Paimon Java supports Vortex through the paimon-vortex module, a Rust-based columnar file format with extensible compression encodings and lazily loaded summary statistics. Paimon C++ cannot currently access tables using this format.

### Solution

Add Vortex support to the Paimon C++ file-format SPI:
- Register the vortex file-format factory.
- Implement compatible schema, reader, and writer handling.
- Support column projection, predicate pushdown, and precise row selection.
- Validate the same supported and unsupported logical types as Java.
- Add C++ round-trip tests and Java-produced file compatibility tests.

### Anything else?

Vortex is implemented in Rust, so the integration can follow the Mosaic Rust FFI patterns (#238).
Java reference module: https://github.com/apache/paimon/tree/master/paimon-vortex

### Are you willing to submit a PR?

- [x] I'm willing to submit a PR!

まず paimon-vortex の Java リファレンスモジュールと、issue #238 の Mosaic Rust FFI パターンを読みます。C++ のファイル形式 SPI 要件を、要求されている schema、reader、writer、projection、predicate、row-selection の動作に対応付けます。C++ のラウンドトリップテストと Java で生成されたファイルの互換性テストで、サポート対象および非サポートの論理型がカバーされれば完了です。

索引モデルが issue の本文から書いたものです。