[Java] Ensure JVM has sufficient capacity for large number of local reference

**Reporter**: [Yurui Zhou](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-5515) / @yuruiz

_{**Note**: *This issue was originally created as [ARROW-5515](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-5515). Please see the [migration documentation](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/14542) for further details.*}

The issue mentions no files, tests, or entry points. Start by locating the JVM local-reference handling related to large numbers of local references, then define and verify the required capacity behavior with a focused regression test.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.