[Java] Add checker framework to java build and enable clean run of null analysis

This is likely a large task.  We should probably separate it out into subtasks:

1.  Add checker framework so it is incorporated but does not fail the build.

2.  Cleanup issues it finds (likely by module)

3.  Enable full checking.

**Reporter**: [Micah Kornfield](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-4742) / @emkornfield

_{**Note**: *This issue was originally created as [ARROW-4742](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-4742). Please see the [migration documentation](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/14542) for further details.*}

首先檢查 Java 建置設定以及 issue 中提出的三個子工作。先確定如何整合 Checker Framework 而不導致建置失敗，然後依模組追蹤清理工作，再啟用完整的 null 分析。完成的標準是：啟用完整檢查後，Java 建置能夠乾淨地完成。

由索引模型根據 Issue 內容生成。