[Java] implement index filtering for Table

Provide tables with the ability to return a subset of their data filtered according to a set of row-indexes. The row-index set can be created by arbitrary filtering algorithms. The result will be a new Table object

**Reporter**: [Larry White](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-18168) / @lwhite1
**Assignee**: [Larry White](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-18168) / @lwhite1

_{**Note**: *This issue was originally created as [ARROW-18168](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-18168). Please see the [migration documentation](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/14542) for further details.*}

該 issue 沒有指出任何檔案或測試。首先定位 Java 的 Table 實作及其相關入口點，然後確定如何建構一個新的 Table。完成標準是呼叫端可以提供一組列索引，並接收一個只包含這些列的新 Table，同時由測試驗證篩選行為。

由索引模型根據 Issue 內容生成。