[Java] implement index filtering for Table

Provide tables with the ability to return a subset of their data filtered according to a set of row-indexes. The row-index set can be created by arbitrary filtering algorithms. The result will be a new Table object

**Reporter**: [Larry White](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-18168) / @lwhite1
**Assignee**: [Larry White](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-18168) / @lwhite1

_{**Note**: *This issue was originally created as [ARROW-18168](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-18168). Please see the [migration documentation](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/14542) for further details.*}

该 issue 没有指出任何文件或测试。首先定位 Java 的 Table 实现及其相关入口点，然后确定如何构造一个新的 Table。完成标准是调用方可以提供一组行索引，并接收一个只包含这些行的新 Table，同时由测试验证筛选行为。

由索引模型根据 Issue 内容生成。