[Java][CI] Migrate current Apache Nightly process to Apache Nexus Staging/Snapshot Repository

### Describe the enhancement requested

Arrow Java is uploading Java artifacts to Apache Nightly https://nightlies.apache.org/arrow/java/org/apache/arrow/ at this time

There could be an option to discuss the migration to Nexus repository activities.

ML related: https://lists.apache.org/thread/t6598v7lsdb74q65x9grwhxqt38ntq2s

### Component(s)

Continuous Integration, Java

未确定任何文件、测试或入口点。首先审查当前的 Apache Nightly 构件上传流程和链接的 ML 讨论，然后定义迁移到 Apache Nexus Staging/Snapshot Repository 将包括哪些内容，以及如何验证完成情况。

由索引模型根据 Issue 内容生成。