bug(form-field): form field prefix in overlay

### Is this a regression?

- [ ] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

_No response_

### Description

The issue is about the missing padding for the label when using a form field inside an overlay with ng-content. It can be easily reproduced in stackblitz, I will provide a link where it can be seen how is misbehaving. Without ng-content, everything works fine.

### Reproduction

StackBlitz link:
Steps to reproduce:
1. click on open

https://stackblitz.com/edit/ipwssz-9pucs5?file=src%2Fexample%2Fcdk-overlay-basic-example.html

### Expected Behavior

The label should be positioned after the prefix.

### Actual Behavior

The label transition is not working properly.

### Environment

_ _ ____ _ ___
/ \ _ __ __ _ _ _| | __ _ _ __ / ___| | |_ _|
/ △ \ | '_ \ / _` | | | | |/ _` | '__| | | | | | |
/ ___ \| | | | (_| | |_| | | (_| | | | |___| |___ | |
/_/ \_\_| |_|\__, |\__,_|_|\__,_|_| \____|_____|___|
|___/

Angular CLI: 17.3.0
Node: 18.18.0
Package Manager: yarn 1.22.19
OS: linux x64

Angular: 17.3.0
... animations, cli, common, compiler, compiler-cli, core, forms
... localize, platform-browser, platform-browser-dynamic, router

Package Version
------------------------------------------------------------
@angular-devkit/architect 0.1703.0
@angular-devkit/build-angular 17.3.0
@angular-devkit/core 17.3.0
@angular-devkit/schematics 17.3.0
@angular/cdk 17.3.6
@angular/material 17.3.6
@angular/material-experimental 17.3.6
@angular/material-moment-adapter 17.3.6
@schematics/angular 17.3.0
rxjs 7.4.0
typescript 5.4.2
zone.js 0.14.0

Bắt đầu với bản reproduction trên StackBlitz trong src/example/cdk-overlay-basic-example.html và theo dõi trường hợp prefix của form-field bên trong overlay bằng cách sử dụng ng-content. Tái hiện vấn đề bằng cách nhấp vào Open, sau đó xác minh rằng label được định vị sau prefix và transition của nó hoạt động chính xác.

Do mô hình lập chỉ mục viết ra từ nội dung của issue.