bug(mat-slider): mobile device scrolling can break slider internal state

### Is this a regression?

- [ ] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

_No response_

### Description

Scrolling on a mobile device can break the mat-slider's internal state such that the slider still thinks it is in an active dragging state when it is not

The root cause of the issue is that for some reason, the pointerup event never gets triggered when the user stops scrolling

### Reproduction

- Visit any webpage that has a mat-slider
- Scroll down with the pointerdown originating from the mat-slider
- Stop scrolling

### Expected Behavior

The mat-slider is in an inactive state

### Actual Behavior

The mat-slider is still in the active state

### Environment

- Angular: 17
- CDK/Material: 17
- Browser(s): chrome
- Operating System (e.g. Windows, macOS, Ubuntu): ios

在包含 mat-slider 的 iOS Chrome 页面上，通过在 slider 上触发 pointerdown 开始滚动来重现该问题。跟踪 slider 的 pointer-event 处理，并验证滚动在没有 pointerup 的情况下停止后，slider 会恢复到非活动状态。

由索引模型根据 Issue 内容生成。