[Tabs] Scrollbar shows on tab changes

### Is this a regression?

- [ ] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

_No response_

### Description

This was discussed previously in #6104

Last comment was:
Confirmed that there is no scrollbar during animation in v15: https://stackblitz.com/edit/angular-shzd6r-pwokjj (tested on Chrome w/ MacOS) - @mmalerba

However using the [stackblitz example](https://stackblitz.com/edit/angular-shzd6r-pwokjj) in Google Chrome, shows the scrollbar each time you tab from Title 1 to Title 2.

Using dynamicHeight on mat-tab-group still works as a workaround.

### Reproduction

StackBlitz link: [Link](https://stackblitz.com/edit/stackblitz-starters-dk71gk?file=src%2Fmain.ts)
Steps to reproduce:
1. switch tabs

### Expected Behavior

No scrollbar

### Actual Behavior

Scrollbar flashes for a short moment

### Environment

- Angular: 16.1.2
- CDK/Material: 16.1.2
- Browser(s): Google Chrome
- Operating System (e.g. Windows, macOS, Ubuntu): Windows 11

src/main.ts にあるリンク先の StackBlitz 再現環境から始め、タブを切り替えて Google Chrome で問題を再現します。スクロールバーが表示されない想定の動作と、スクロールバーが一瞬点滅する動作を比較し、再現環境を使って関係する Angular Material のタブ動作を特定します。dynamicHeight に頼らず、タブを切り替えたときにスクロールバーが一瞬表示されなくなれば完了です。

索引モデルが issue の本文から書いたものです。