feat(table): typescript/strong typing of cell templates

#### Feature Description

Currently, `*matCellDef` types the resulting variable as `any`:

This issue is an attempt to bring https://github.com/angular/components/issues/16273 back in discussion, which has been closed as Ivy wasn't yet available.

There has been some progress on several fronts:

- Ivy now has `strictTemplates` mode.
- The experimental Ivy powered language server is almost ready to go.

It appears that the approach described in this comment https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/28731#issuecomment-782806178 might allow this to be implemented.

#### Use Case

As we've been converting more code to use Material Data Tables, the lack of strong typing has been really problematic, and it feels like a downgrade in developer experience compared to regular tables with `*ngFor`.

Further motivation for this has been described in:

https://github.com/angular/components/issues/16273
https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/28731

首先检查 Angular 的 strictTemplates 上下文，以及 angular/components#16273 和 angular/angular#28731 中的相关讨论，尤其是其中引用的实现方法。确定受影响的 Material table 单元格模板类型推断入口，以及 language service 如何处理这些入口。完成标准是：单元格模板变量获得有用的编译时类型，而不是 any，并覆盖相关的模板情况。

由索引模型根据 Issue 内容生成。