feat(table): typescript/strong typing of cell templates

#### Feature Description

Currently, `*matCellDef` types the resulting variable as `any`:

This issue is an attempt to bring https://github.com/angular/components/issues/16273 back in discussion, which has been closed as Ivy wasn't yet available.

There has been some progress on several fronts:

- Ivy now has `strictTemplates` mode.
- The experimental Ivy powered language server is almost ready to go.

It appears that the approach described in this comment https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/28731#issuecomment-782806178 might allow this to be implemented.

#### Use Case

As we've been converting more code to use Material Data Tables, the lack of strong typing has been really problematic, and it feels like a downgrade in developer experience compared to regular tables with `*ngFor`.

Further motivation for this has been described in:

https://github.com/angular/components/issues/16273
https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/28731

Inizia esaminando il contesto strictTemplates di Angular e le discussioni collegate in angular/components#16273 e angular/angular#28731, in particolare l’approccio di implementazione a cui si fa riferimento. Determina gli entry point interessati per la tipizzazione dei template delle celle della tabella Material e come li gestisce il language service. Il lavoro è completato quando le variabili dei template delle celle ricevono tipi utili in fase di compilazione invece di any, con copertura dei casi di template pertinenti.

Scritto dal modello di indicizzazione a partire dal testo della issue.