Vertical positioning of flexible connected overlay on mobile

#### Bug, feature request, or proposal:
Bug

#### What is the expected behavior?
Flexible connected overlays are positioned correct even if the user is scrolling

#### What is the current behavior?
Scrolling affects the vertical positioning of the overlay. The overlay is positioned to low.

#### What are the steps to reproduce?
Scroll down a page on a mobile device (not to the end of the page, but somewhere in the middle) and then open the flexible connected overlay. The overlay seems to be positioned to low.

Example desktop:

Example mobile:

Configuration of the overlay:
```
const positionStrategy = this.overlay
.position()
.flexibleConnectedTo(this.elementRef) // <-- elementRef is the icon element from the screenshot
.withPositions([
{ originX: 'center', originY: 'top', overlayX: 'center', overlayY: 'bottom' },
{ originX: 'center', originY: 'bottom', overlayX: 'center', overlayY: 'top' }
])
.withPush(false);
this.overlay.create({
positionStrategy,
scrollStrategy: this.overlay.scrollStrategies.reposition()
});
```

#### Which versions of Angular, Material, OS, TypeScript, browsers are affected?
@angular/core: 6.1.0
@angular/material: 6.4.7
@angular/cdk: 7.0.0-rc.1
typescript: 2.7.2

从报告中展示的 CDK overlay 的 flexibleConnectedTo 定位策略和 reposition 滚动策略开始。在页面向下滚动一部分后，在移动设备上复现该问题，然后跟踪定位行为；当 flexible connected overlay 在滚动过程中保持预期的垂直位置时，即表示完成。

由索引模型根据 Issue 内容生成。