Need option to disable animation for specific overlay (e.g. of mat-select)

#### Bug, feature request, or proposal:
Feature request

#### What is the expected behavior?
It would be nice to have option to disable animation for a specific overlay. In our case we need to disable animation of overlay of mat-select growing wider.

#### What is the current behavior?
Nothing can stop thins animation normally, there is no way to prevent it with css and using @.disabled on overlayContainer through renderer disables animations of everything.

#### What is the use-case or motivation for changing an existing behavior?
We need to mat-select according to spec, where dropdown list has to be as wide as input itself, but animation always glitches it for a moment.

#### Which versions of Angular, Material, OS, TypeScript, browsers are affected?
@angular-devkit/architect 0.7.5
@angular-devkit/build-angular 0.7.5
@angular-devkit/build-optimizer 0.7.5
@angular-devkit/build-webpack 0.7.5
@angular-devkit/core 0.7.5
@angular-devkit/schematics 0.7.5
@angular/cdk 6.4.7
@angular/cli 6.1.5
@angular/material 6.4.7
@ngtools/webpack 6.1.5
@schematics/angular 0.7.5
@schematics/update 0.7.5
rxjs 6.3.1
typescript 2.9.2
webpack 4.9.2

まず、報告されている overlayContainer の workaround をコンテキストとして使用し、Angular Material の mat-select overlay とそのアニメーション動作を調査します。overlay ごとにアニメーションを無効化するオプションが、アニメーションをグローバルに無効化する場合とどのように異なるかを定義し、他の overlay に影響を与えずに mat-select が必要な幅に対応できることを確認します。

索引モデルが issue の本文から書いたものです。